Galleries

Chicago - Mostly Michigan Avenue Area :

Chicago - Mostly Michigan Avenue Area

Updated: Sep 13, 2004 6:24pm PST

ChicagoStreets@Night :

ChicagoStreets@Night

Updated: Nov 21, 2004 1:20pm PST

ChicagoWinter2004 : Why I love Winter now!

ChicagoWinter2004

Why I love Winter now!

Updated: Apr 01, 2004 11:13pm PST

ChicagoRiver-Hyatt :

ChicagoRiver-Hyatt

Updated: Apr 13, 2004 11:59am PST

ChicagoMetraTriptoEvanston4-13 :

ChicagoMetraTriptoEvanston4-13

Updated: Apr 13, 2004 8:54pm PST

Van Buren Strip 4-15 :

Van Buren Strip 4-15

Updated: Apr 15, 2004 6:37pm PST

NapervilleTrip4-18 :

NapervilleTrip4-18

Updated: Apr 18, 2004 10:37am PST

ChicagoRandom : Grant Park - Millieneum under construction, Tulips, Randolph

ChicagoRandom

Grant Park - Millieneum under construction, Tulips, Randolph

Updated: Nov 24, 2004 4:51am PST

ChicagoRandom :

ChicagoRandom

Updated: May 03, 2004 6:40pm PST

Raleigh NC :

Raleigh NC

Updated: May 10, 2004 6:38am PST

Grant Park : The day I agreed to leave Premier. Very surreal but beautiful day.

Grant Park

The day I agreed to leave Premier. Very surreal but beautiful day.

Updated: Jun 07, 2006 2:03pm PST

Kansas City :

Kansas City

Updated: May 28, 2004 10:19am PST

Lakeview/Lincoln Park Coast : Walked down the Lake Shore from Addison and into Lincoln Park & LP Neighborhood ending at Clark.

Lakeview/Lincoln Park Coast

Walked down the Lake Shore from Addison and into Lincoln Park & LP Nei ...

Updated: Apr 28, 2007 7:35pm PST

ChicagoBroadwayClarkDearbornStateMichiganAveWalk : Started in Lake View and walked down Broadway, through Lincoln Park on Clark and then down Dearborn through the Gold Coast to Michigan Avenue.

ChicagoBroadwayClarkDearbornStateMichiganAveWalk

Started in Lake View and walked down Broadway, through Lincoln Park on ...

Updated: Jun 10, 2004 9:09am PST

Taste Visit :

Taste Visit

Updated: Jun 26, 2004 8:09am PST

Pride 2004 :

Pride 2004

Updated: May 27, 2005 10:36am PST

MillineumParkandConstruction7-7 :

MillineumParkandConstruction7-7

Updated: May 31, 2009 9:04pm PST

Milwaukee June 5, 2004 :

Milwaukee June 5, 2004

Updated: Jul 08, 2004 5:20pm PST

NewYorkJuly29-Aug2 :

NewYorkJuly29-Aug2

Updated: Aug 05, 2004 12:49pm PST

North Halsted Market Days :

North Halsted Market Days

Updated: Aug 08, 2004 10:59pm PST

LVPC Camp Out 2004 :

LVPC Camp Out 2004

Updated: Aug 15, 2004 3:48pm PST

Doors :

Doors

Updated: Aug 18, 2004 2:26pm PST

Chicago-DesPlaines9-9 :

Chicago-DesPlaines9-9

Updated: Sep 11, 2004 1:20pm PST

LakeViewPresbyterianPicnic9-12 :

LakeViewPresbyterianPicnic9-12

Updated: Sep 12, 2004 6:39pm PST

lpvc scaffolding :

lpvc scaffolding

Updated: Oct 03, 2004 1:50pm PST

possibleapartment :

possibleapartment

Updated: Nov 21, 2004 12:58pm PST

ChicagoMorningAfternoonRush10-6 :

ChicagoMorningAfternoonRush10-6

Updated: Oct 17, 2004 3:08pm PST

coming out day service :

coming out day service

Updated: May 14, 2007 10:47pm PST

YoungAdultsLakeViewPresbyterianChurchRetreat10/22/04 :

YoungAdultsLakeViewPresbyterianChurchRetreat10/22/04

Updated: Oct 24, 2004 5:35pm PST

MensRetreatNov2004 :

MensRetreatNov2004

Updated: Nov 07, 2004 4:59pm PST

Malls :

Malls

Updated: Nov 12, 2004 7:44am PST

Church Yard 2004 :

Church Yard 2004

Updated: Nov 21, 2004 12:46pm PST

BeginingChristmas2004 :

BeginingChristmas2004

Updated: Nov 28, 2004 7:59pm PST

Lincoln Square 11-21-2004 :

Lincoln Square 11-21-2004

Updated: May 18, 2008 3:02pm PST

WarDead :

WarDead

Updated: Dec 03, 2004 12:06pm PST

SouthPort12-2004 :

SouthPort12-2004

Updated: Dec 11, 2004 8:40pm PST

NightLights :

NightLights

Updated: Dec 17, 2004 11:37pm PST

Snodgrass Air Force Life - 30 years of Protecting Our Feedoms and Showing us this wonderful world! Thanks DAD!!! : There are several places in my Family category that consist of pictures I have found on the web. They are only for personal use, with my family, as we re-trace our lives. In the military home is where the family is. There is NOT a place to go back to so our homes are in our minds and hearts. One of the most fantastic parts about the web and people sharing is that it allows those of us trying to go create a place to go back. Plus I am so proud of my father and his life in the military. 30 years and I know sometimes deep down he may wonder if all that moving around (every 1-3 years in the radar field) may have been bad. And I want to collect as much as I can to show him all the wonderful things in this life he and his career opened up to our family: Texarkana AS, Kadena AFS, Pt. Arena, CA, Gold Beach, Or (two remotes), Hamilton AFB, Fallon NAS, Merrieta Naval Housing in Bellingham, WA, Malmstrom AFB, Sembach AB, and San Antonio, TX. Dad was also stationed in Busan (which I will get to see next year), Iceland, Miyako Jima, and finally Peterson. Contact: wilbsnodgrassiii@yahoo.com These pictures are only viewing by my family and friends. They are not for sale from this account and have never been sold or copied from this account. [Constitution for the United States of America][1] We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article. I. Section. 1.[2] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons [Modified by Amendment XIV]. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. Section. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof [Modified by Amendment XVII], for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies [Modified by Amendment XVII]. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. Section. 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December [Modified by Amendment XX], unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. Section. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. Section. 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States;[3] If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; To provide and maintain a Navy; To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; — And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. Section. 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws; and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. Article. II. Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President [Modified by Amendment XII]. The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected [Modified by Amendment XXV]. The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: — "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. Section. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Article. III. Section. 1. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Section. 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; — to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; — to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; — to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; — to Controversies between two or more States; — between a State and Citizens of another State [Modified by Amendment XI]; — between Citizens of different States; — between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Section. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted. Article. IV. Section. 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due [Modified by Amendment XIII]. Section. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic Violence. Article. V. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate [Possibly abrogated by Amendment XVII]. Article. VI. All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. Article. VII. The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, The Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page. Attest William Jackson Secretary done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names, Go. WASHINGTON — Presidt. and deputy from Virginia New Hampshire { JOHN LANGDON NICHOLAS GILMAN Massachusetts { NATHANIEL GORHAM RUFUS KING Connecticut { WM. SAML. JOHNSON ROGER SHERMAN New York . . . . ALEXANDER HAMILTON New Jersey { WIL: LIVINGSTON DAVID BREARLEY. WM. PATERSON. JONA: DAYTON Pennsylvania { B FRANKLIN THOMAS MIFFLIN ROBT MORRIS GEO. CLYMER THOS. FITZ SIMONS JARED INGERSOLL JAMES WILSON GOUV MORRIS Delaware { GEO: READ GUNNING BEDFORD jun JOHN DICKINSON RICHARD BASSETT JACO: BROOM Maryland { JAMES MCHENRY DAN OF ST THOS. JENIFER DANL CARROLL Virginia { JOHN BLAIR JAMES MADISON jr North Carolina { WM. BLOUNT RICHD. DOBBS SPAIGHT HU WILLIAMSON South Carolina { J. RUTLEDGE CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY CHARLES PINCKNEY PIERCE BUTLER Georgia { WILLIAM FEW ABR BALDWIN In Convention Monday, September 17th, 1787. Present The States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, MR. Hamilton from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Resolved, That the preceeding Constitution be laid before the United States in Congress assembled, and that it is the Opinion of this Convention, that it should afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by the People thereof, under the Recommendation of its Legislature, for their Assent and Ratification; and that each Convention assenting to, and ratifying the Same, should give Notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Convention, that as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified this Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled should fix a Day on which Electors should be appointed by the States which have ratified the same, and a Day on which the Electors should assemble to vote for the President, and the Time and Place for commencing Proceedings under this Constitution. That after such Publication the Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected: That the Electors should meet on the Day fixed for the Election of the President, and should transmit their Votes certified, signed, sealed and directed, as the Constitution requires, to the Secretary of the United States in Congress assembled, that the Senators and Representatives should convene at the Time and Place assigned; that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening and counting the Votes for President; and, that after he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the President, should, without Delay, proceed to execute this Constitution. By the Unanimous Order of the Convention Go. WASHINGTON — Presidt. W. JACKSON Secretary.

Snodgrass Air Force Life - 30 years of Protecting Our Feedoms and Showing us this wonderful world! Thanks DAD!!!

There are several places in my Family category that consist of picture ...

Updated: May 31, 2009 9:08pm PST

Cats :

Cats

Updated: Dec 28, 2004 6:01pm PST

December 31st 2004 58F!!! :

December 31st 2004 58F!!!

Updated: Dec 31, 2004 2:10pm PST

Portland :

Portland

Updated: Jan 07, 2005 3:41pm PST

Snow Evanston/Chicago 01-22-05 : 2004-2005's big snowstorm!

Snow Evanston/Chicago 01-22-05

2004-2005's big snowstorm!

Updated: Jan 22, 2005 6:16pm PST

ChinaTown :

ChinaTown

Updated: Feb 05, 2005 6:06pm PST

March 2005 : Random Night Loop, Sunset Loop, Wells Park, West Randolph...

March 2005

Random Night Loop, Sunset Loop, Wells Park, West Randolph...

Updated: Mar 16, 2005 8:56pm PST

April 4 2005 : One of my shortest walks showing Randolph from 400 West to State Street.

April 4 2005

One of my shortest walks showing Randolph from 400 West to State Stree ...

Updated: Apr 04, 2005 6:36pm PST

Misc. :

Misc.

Updated: Oct 06, 2006 8:08am PST

Church :

Church

Updated: Oct 29, 2006 8:36pm PST

April 2005 :

April 2005

Updated: Apr 28, 2005 8:22pm PST

Chicago Random (Large) : Milleneum, Tulips, Chicago River....

Chicago Random (Large)

Milleneum, Tulips, Chicago River....

Updated: Feb 08, 2008 11:42am PST

May 2005 :

May 2005

Updated: May 31, 2005 2:06am PST

Evanston 6-13-05 : This is how a suburb SHOULD look!

Evanston 6-13-05

This is how a suburb SHOULD look!

Updated: Jun 13, 2005 9:57pm PST

Pride Berry UMC 2005 :

Pride Berry UMC 2005

Updated: Jun 22, 2005 7:54pm PST

Construction :

Construction

Updated: Sep 27, 2006 2:03pm PST

Beaches :

Beaches

Updated: Jun 25, 2005 8:45am PST

Pride 2005 :

Pride 2005

Updated: Jun 26, 2005 5:02pm PST

CTA :

CTA

Updated: Jul 11, 2005 5:32pm PST

River North 07-28-05 :

River North 07-28-05

Updated: Jul 28, 2005 7:28pm PST

Beverly Shores : Indiana Dunes - Only 30 miles S.E. of Chicago

Beverly Shores

Indiana Dunes - Only 30 miles S.E. of Chicago

Updated: Jul 31, 2005 7:23pm PST

Portland Oregon Trip 2005 :

Portland Oregon Trip 2005

Updated: Aug 29, 2005 8:54pm PST

Portland Morning :

Portland Morning

Updated: Jan 25, 2006 10:07pm PST

Chicago 09-09-05 : From LaSalle over to North Point Tower with night pictures from North Point Tower's Restaurant. Includes some pictures of River East in progress.

Chicago 09-09-05

From LaSalle over to North Point Tower with night pictures from North ...

Updated: Sep 09, 2005 10:55pm PST

LVPC Completed 09-25 :

LVPC Completed 09-25

Updated: Sep 25, 2005 6:03pm PST

Sox Game 9-25-05 :

Sox Game 9-25-05

Updated: Sep 25, 2005 6:42pm PST

Pink Chicago :

Pink Chicago

Updated: Oct 07, 2005 7:39pm PST

Wacker Evening :

Wacker Evening

Updated: Oct 08, 2005 7:07am PST

Misc :

Misc

Updated: May 15, 2007 11:59am PST

CBOT :

CBOT

Updated: Oct 19, 2005 10:08pm PST

Sox Parade :

Sox Parade

Updated: Oct 28, 2005 11:03am PST

Young Adults Retreat 2005 :

Young Adults Retreat 2005

Updated: Nov 06, 2005 1:08pm PST

Lunch 11-08-05 :

Lunch 11-08-05

Updated: Nov 08, 2005 2:35pm PST

Los Angeles Thanksgiving 2005 :

Los Angeles Thanksgiving 2005

Updated: Jan 11, 2006 10:39am PST

Snow 12-08-05 : Our only real snow of the Winter. Fantastic snow with nice big lake effect snow towards the end.

Snow 12-08-05

Our only real snow of the Winter. Fantastic snow with nice big lake e ...

Updated: Dec 09, 2005 9:18am PST

ORIX Holiday 2005 :

ORIX Holiday 2005

Updated: Apr 03, 2010 8:29pm PST

Las Vegas 11-05 :

Las Vegas 11-05

Updated: Jan 11, 2006 11:56am PST

CTA Into City 02-22-06 : BrownLine from Western to Loop

CTA Into City 02-22-06

BrownLine from Western to Loop

Updated: Feb 22, 2006 9:54am PST

San Antonio March 2006 :

San Antonio March 2006

Updated: Mar 14, 2006 8:24pm PST

Misc : Red Line Stations @ Sheridan (few of walk to Gill) and Bryn Mawr.

Misc

Red Line Stations @ Sheridan (few of walk to Gill) and Bryn Mawr.

Updated: Feb 06, 2008 11:06am PST

March 26 2006 : Lots of Construction shots started at Division & Clark Red Line down Rush over to Streetervill across to Grant Park caught Redline at Lake & State.

March 26 2006

Lots of Construction shots started at Division & Clark Red Line down R ...

Updated: Mar 27, 2006 5:38am PST

March 31, 2006 : Walk from Streeterville to Michigan Avenue to Wacker to work.

March 31, 2006

Walk from Streeterville to Michigan Avenue to Wacker to work.

Updated: Mar 31, 2006 7:37am PST

Saugutuck MI :

Saugutuck MI

Updated: Apr 10, 2006 8:50am PST

Tulips April 27, 2006 : Tulips on Michigan Avenue on a fine Chicago Spring morning. Added a few Tulip pictures from Wabash on May 4, 2006

Tulips April 27, 2006

Tulips on Michigan Avenue on a fine Chicago Spring morning. Added a f ...

Updated: May 04, 2006 1:21pm PST

Grand Kingsbury :

Grand Kingsbury

Updated: Jun 14, 2006 12:56pm PST

Various :

Various

Updated: Sep 09, 2010 6:30pm PST

Western River North :

Western River North

Updated: Jun 14, 2006 9:11pm PST

Pride 2006 :

Pride 2006

Updated: Jun 26, 2006 7:34am PST

June 27, 2006 :

June 27, 2006

Updated: Jun 27, 2006 1:31pm PST

Wells Clark Broadway thru Lincoln Park 07-07-06 : Walked From Work downtown up Wells through Lincoln Park

Wells Clark Broadway thru Lincoln Park 07-07-06

Walked From Work downtown up Wells through Lincoln Park

Updated: Jul 08, 2006 6:14am PST

Taste 2006 :

Taste 2006

Updated: Jul 16, 2006 6:16am PST

Social Justice Folder :

Social Justice Folder

Updated: Aug 02, 2006 8:54pm PST

Market Days Aug 06 :

Market Days Aug 06

Updated: Aug 08, 2006 8:11am PST

CTA Rebuilding Brownline :

CTA Rebuilding Brownline

Updated: Aug 22, 2007 7:07am PST

Aug 2006 :

Aug 2006

Updated: Aug 09, 2006 9:39pm PST

Fort Wayne IN :

Fort Wayne IN

Updated: Aug 23, 2006 5:11pm PST

Madison WI :

Madison WI

Updated: Jun 04, 2009 8:13pm PST

Madison 09-03-06 :

Madison 09-03-06

Updated: Sep 03, 2006 7:18pm PST

Picnic September 10, 2006 :

Picnic September 10, 2006

Updated: Sep 10, 2006 8:50pm PST

Yard 09-10-06 :

Yard 09-10-06

Updated: Sep 10, 2006 9:09pm PST

Sunset 09-15-06 :

Sunset 09-15-06

Updated: Sep 15, 2006 9:09pm PST

Evanston :

Evanston

Updated: Oct 14, 2006 6:47pm PST

Nov 17, 2006 :

Nov 17, 2006

Updated: Nov 17, 2006 10:23am PST

Raleigh NC Thanksgiving 2006 :

Raleigh NC Thanksgiving 2006

Updated: Nov 28, 2006 10:37pm PST

2006-2007 First Snow :

2006-2007 First Snow

Updated: Dec 01, 2006 8:22am PST

CGMC @ Millenium :

CGMC @ Millenium

Updated: Dec 04, 2006 6:09am PST

2006.12.10 :

2006.12.10

Updated: Oct 03, 2007 9:01pm PST

Advent Season 2006 Lake View Presbyterian Church :

Advent Season 2006 Lake View Presbyterian Church

Updated: Dec 22, 2006 10:44am PST

2007-Chicago :

2007-Chicago

Updated: Jan 12, 2007 7:48am PST

Miami 2007 :

Miami 2007

Updated: Jan 16, 2007 7:51am PST

Miami Beach 2007 :

Miami Beach 2007

Updated: Jan 18, 2007 7:11am PST

Miami 2007 :

Miami 2007

Updated: Jan 21, 2007 5:00am PST

Miami Beach 2007.01.15 - Day 3 : Jan 15th. Larry and I walked a little of South Beach took him up to Lincoln Road, spent a long time in Hear Music then walked South on Alton and eventully back to the Essex. Then off to Haulover Beach (Clothing Optional) and Georges (FANTASTIC ITALIAN FOOD) and ended with Gelato.

Miami Beach 2007.01.15 - Day 3

Jan 15th. Larry and I walked a little of South Beach took him up to Li ...

Updated: Jan 20, 2007 9:12pm PST

CTA :

CTA

Updated: Apr 27, 2007 1:03pm PST

Miami Beach 2007.01.17 :

Miami Beach 2007.01.17

Updated: Feb 01, 2007 11:19pm PST

Week ending 2007.02.04 : Saturday, Feb 3rd - Winterfest.

Week ending 2007.02.04

Saturday, Feb 3rd - Winterfest.

Updated: Feb 04, 2007 1:07pm PST

Winter Various :

Winter Various

Updated: Feb 08, 2007 8:20am PST

Feb 18, 2007 :

Feb 18, 2007

Updated: Feb 18, 2007 8:00pm PST

Lake View Presbyterian Church 2007 - Chicago :

Lake View Presbyterian Church 2007 - Chicago

Updated: Feb 22, 2007 5:20am PST

To Add :

To Add

Updated: Aug 22, 2007 6:06am PST

Ball Parks :

Ball Parks

Updated: Mar 08, 2007 7:55pm PST

Lake View Presbyterian TAMFS CCWC Pride 2007 :

Lake View Presbyterian TAMFS CCWC Pride 2007

Updated: Jun 21, 2007 4:45am PST

Spring 2007 :

Spring 2007

Updated: Mar 11, 2007 10:23pm PST

Wacker River North 2007.03.12 :

Wacker River North 2007.03.12

Updated: Mar 12, 2007 9:32pm PST

News :

News

Updated: May 04, 2007 5:52pm PST

Minneapolis 2007 :

Minneapolis 2007

Updated: Jun 05, 2007 11:14pm PST

Indianapolis 2007.06.09-10 :

Indianapolis 2007.06.09-10

Updated: Jun 12, 2007 6:37am PST

Pride 2007 :

Pride 2007

Updated: Jul 01, 2007 1:06pm PST

Chicago 2007.07.2 :

Chicago 2007.07.2

Updated: Jul 03, 2007 7:31am PST

South Loop and Roosevelt Bridge 2007.08.09 :

South Loop and Roosevelt Bridge 2007.08.09

Updated: Aug 09, 2007 11:01pm PST

Lake View Presbyterian Church @ Halsted Market Days 2007 :

Lake View Presbyterian Church @ Halsted Market Days 2007

Updated: Aug 18, 2007 6:35am PST

ORIX 2007 Golf Outing August 22nd :

ORIX 2007 Golf Outing August 22nd

Updated: Aug 23, 2007 7:50am PST

Chicago Thunderstorm August 23, 2007 :

Chicago Thunderstorm August 23, 2007

Updated: Aug 23, 2007 10:56pm PST

SEOUL - Old city Center from our hotel. About 4 miles. :

SEOUL - Old city Center from our hotel. About 4 miles.

Updated: Dec 12, 2007 6:55am PST

SEOUL to GWANGJU - Flight from Gimpo to Gwangju :

SEOUL to GWANGJU - Flight from Gimpo to Gwangju

Updated: Sep 11, 2007 5:30am PST

GWANGJU - Burial Mountain: Walk up from Mr. Nam's country house to the burial area. Six generations of Nams are located on that hill. : Driving from Sangho's home out to the village where Sangho's father was born. His dad lived there until about the time he was in 1st grade. The burial area is about 1/2 mile through the fields up the hill. 6 generations of Nams are currently located on that hill. There are many other family plots along the fields (plots are put in above the farmable lands). We passed fig trees, peppers (lots of those), goats, rice and seseme seed plants, which I found out the night before make excellent wraps for bbq pork.

GWANGJU - Burial Mountain: Walk up from Mr. Nam's country house to the burial area. Six generations of Nams are located on that hill.

Driving from Sangho's home out to the village where Sangho's father wa ...

Updated: Sep 11, 2007 10:43am PST

GWANGJU - Morning Walk :

GWANGJU - Morning Walk

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 12:11pm PST

GWANGJU - Sangho's Family :

GWANGJU - Sangho's Family

Updated: Sep 10, 2007 11:48am PST

GWANGJU - Sangho's Home :

GWANGJU - Sangho's Home

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 8:32am PST

GWANGJU - Day 1 :

GWANGJU - Day 1

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:14am PST

GWANGJU - Drive north heading towards the 5-18 Memorial :

GWANGJU - Drive north heading towards the 5-18 Memorial

Updated: Sep 10, 2007 12:20pm PST

SEOUL - Sofitel Ambassador: From our room #1833 located in the Dongguk University Area located on the southeast side of old downtown. :

SEOUL - Sofitel Ambassador: From our room #1833 located in the Dongguk University Area located on the southeast side of old downtown.

Updated: Sep 13, 2007 5:00am PST

SEOUL - Gwangnam-gu :

SEOUL - Gwangnam-gu

Updated: Dec 12, 2007 7:09am PST

GWANGJU - Drive to Nam's House in the Village :

GWANGJU - Drive to Nam's House in the Village

Updated: Sep 10, 2007 2:07pm PST

SEOUL - Mok-Dong :

SEOUL - Mok-Dong

Updated: Dec 12, 2007 7:42am PST

GWANGJU - Nam Family Village back to Gwangju :

GWANGJU - Nam Family Village back to Gwangju

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:24am PST

GWANGJU - North Gwangju to Nam House :

GWANGJU - North Gwangju to Nam House

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:54am PST

SEOUL - Incheon International Airport :

SEOUL - Incheon International Airport

Updated: Sep 10, 2007 2:57pm PST

GWANGJU - Nam-gu area :

GWANGJU - Nam-gu area

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:41am PST

SEOUL - Seoul bus ride to Incheon International Airport :

SEOUL - Seoul bus ride to Incheon International Airport

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 12:16pm PST

GWANGJU - Prado Hotel: Sangho's 34th Birthday was at the Chinese restuarant held on the 16th floor. These are photos from the restuarant. Party photos located in Sangho's Family :

GWANGJU - Prado Hotel: Sangho's 34th Birthday was at the Chinese restuarant held on the 16th floor. These are photos from the restuarant. Party photos located in Sangho's Family

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 8:05am PST

GWANGJU 2007 - Day 3 :

GWANGJU 2007 - Day 3

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:16am PST

SEOUL - Niagra Hotel (Best Western) :

SEOUL - Niagra Hotel (Best Western)

Updated: Sep 13, 2007 10:28am PST

GWANGJU 2007 - Dong Deokheung: New Central City : This is Gwangju's newer Central City. They started building it 5-7 years ago. The amount of construction that has occured is very impressive.

GWANGJU 2007 - Dong Deokheung: New Central City

This is Gwangju's newer Central City. They started building it 5-7 ye ...

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 8:36am PST

GWANGJU - May 18th Memorial (5-18 Memorial) : WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! Two photos are extremely graphic. Do NOT proceed if the recordation of such photos may in any way disturb you. The citizens of Gwangju took a stand in the streets against a military tyrant and were massacred between May 18th and 27th 1980. The photos I took are of the 5-18 Memorial as they call it in Gwangju and of the photo presentation in one of the information halls. While at the memorial I wrestled with the thought of whether or not I should even view the explicit photos behind a “specially partitioned wall”, a sign on the wall that warned visitors of the graphic violence that lay behind that wall. After I viewed the photos and after begging countless times under my breath for forgiveness from these people and God, I once again found myself in a twirl about whether or not I should take photos of these horrific photos (the vast majority of photos are from the European Press, the U.S. media did NOT record the massacre). The photos were taken and I have them on display for personal reasons….so often in my life I have allowed our media and government to sugar coat, manipulate, delete actual historical occurrences that we as a nation had any part of. These people in these two photos....they experienced the reality of human violence. Many of the people murdered were innocent victims. 1/3 of those murdered in this confrontation were “junior” and “senior” High School Students. The US Media reported the rioting in the streets of Gwangju (I remember watching it on the TV news) as a bunch of North Korean communist sympathizers. We (when will the people of the US finally take responsibility for their government and press?), once again, effectively labeled protesters as "demonic" so we could easily toss them into the pile of non-existent trouble makers and continue on with our daily lives. (South Korea to this day is still in a state of war with North Korea and the U.S. as well as the UN have not signed a peace treaty with North Korea. The US is VERY present in South Korea.) Though the government acknowledges 165 civilians murdered and several thousand wounded, there are many many people and organizations that put the total loss of life at well over 2,000 civilians. As I walked into the memorial I wrote in the guest book, "The world thanks those citizens of Gwangju who peacefully fought and died for democracy". When I walked out of the memorial I added "Please forgive my County – Wil Snodgrass Chicago, IL". Temporary Timeline (until I find a better one) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_Massacre: MAY 18-MAY 21 On the morning of May 18, students protested at the gate of Chonnam National University against its closing, hurling stones at paratroopers who were blocking the gate. The paratroopers responded by clubbing down the protesters. After the incident, students moved into the downtown area and continued to protest, demanding abolition of martial law and the release of Kim Dae-jung. Paratroopers soon followed and again clashed with demonstrators. The suppression was marked by violence. Witnesses say soldiers clubbed both demonstrators and onlookers. The first known fatality was a 29-year-old deaf man named Kim Gyeong-cheol, who never participated in the protest but was clubbed to death on May 18 while passing by the scene. Some testimonies and photographs even suggest the use of bayonets. As citizens were infuriated by the violence, the number of protesters rapidly increased and exceeded 100,000 by May 20. It was inevitable to produce a bunch of casualities in military and police during confliction with civilians. As confliction escalated, the army suddenly began to use gunfire, killing unidentified numbers of citizens at sights, instantly near Gwangju Station on May 20. That same day, angered protesters burned down the local MBC station which denounced Gwangju civilians as rioters as well as fabricated the facts in Gwangju at that moment. The violence climaxed on May 21. At about 1 p.m., the army fired at a protesting crowd gathered in front of the Jeonnam Provincial Office, causing many casualties. Citizens have begun to be armed themselves with M1 rifles and carbines taken from armories and police stations in nearby towns for their own defense. Later that afternoon, bloody gunfights between civil militias and the army broke out in the Provincial Office Square. By 5:30 p.m., militias had acquired two light machine guns and used them against the army, which began to retreat from the downtown area. MAY 22-25 BLOCKADE OF GWANGJU, AND FURTHER ATROCITIES All troops retreated to suburban areas, waiting for reinforcements. During this period the army blocked all routes and communications leading into and out of the city. Even though fights between militias and the army came to a lull, more casualties were incurred when soldiers fired at a passing bus in Jiwon-dong, killing 17 of the 18 passengers on May 23. The following day soldiers fired at boys swimming in Wonje reservoir and killed one of them. Later that day the army suffered its heaviest casualties, when troops mistakenly fired at each other in Songam-dong. SETTLEMENT COMMITTEE Meanwhile, in the "liberated" city of Gwangju, the Citizens' Settlement Committee and the Students' Settlement Committee were formed. The former was composed of about 20 preachers, lawyers and professors. They negotiated with the army demanding the release of arrested citizens, compensation for victims and prohibition of retaliation in exchange for disarmament of militias. The latter was formed by university students, and took charge of funerals, public campaigns, traffic control, withdrawal of weapons, and medical aid. The city's order was well maintained, but negotiations came to a deadlock as the army urged the militias to immediately disarm themselves. This issue caused division within the Settlement Committees; doves wanted immediate surrender, while hawks called for continued resistance until their demands were met. After heated debates, eventually the hawks took control. PROTESTS IN OTHER REGIONS As the news of the Gwangju massacre spread, further protests against the government broke out in nearby regions including Hwasun, Naju, Haenam, Mokpo, Yeongam, Gangjin, and Muan. While protests ended peacefully in most regions, in Haenam there were gunfights between armed protesters and troops. By May 24, most of these protests had died down, except for Mokpo where protests continued until May 28. MAY 26 By May 26, the army was ready to reenter the city. Members of the Citizens' Settlement Committee unsuccessfully tried to block the army's advance by lying down on the street. As the news of imminent attack spread, civil militias gathered in the Provincial Office, preparing for the last stand. MAY 27 At 4:00 a.m., troops from five divisions moved into the downtown area and defeated the civil militias in only 90 minutes. CASUALTIES There is no exact death toll of the 1980 Gwangju Uprising. According to the May 18 Bereaved Family Association, at least 165 people died between May 18 and 27. Another 65 are still missing and presumed dead. 23 soldiers and 4 policemen were also killed during the uprising. Among them, 13 soldiers were killed in the friendly-fire incident between troops in Songam-dong. AFTERMATH The government denounced the uprising as a rebellion instigated by Kim Dae-jung and his followers. In subsequent trials, Kim was convicted and sentenced to death, although his punishment was later reduced in response to international outcries. Overall 1394 people were arrested for some involvement in the Gwangju incident and 427 were indicted. Among them, 7 received death sentences and 12 life sentences POEM: KOREA: Kwangju, Cross of Our Nation Kim Jun-tai http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/1999vol09no05/958/ (Ed note: Kim Jun-tai is a poet and journalist living in Kwangju, south Korea. A man of letters, Kim won several literary prizes for his work. Following the Kwangju Uprising in May 1980, he was dismissed from his high school teaching post for publishing this poem, "Kwangju, Cross of Our Nation," which protested against the cruel oppression of the military. Since then, Kim has written many resistance poems and pieces for national unification. The English translation of this poem was done by David R. Macann.) O Kwangju, and Mudung Mountain. Between death and more death, City of our eternal youth, flowing with blood and tears! Our father: Where has he gone? Mother: Where has she fallen? Our sons: Where were they killed and buried? And our lovely daughters: Where are they lying, mouths agape? Where were our spirits torn apart, ripped to shreds? Kwangju, by the flocks of birds and by God as well abandoned: City of our bloody wounds, where the truly human beings still abide, dawn to dark thrown down, beaten and yet rising again. In death refusing and through death seeking life. Province of Lamentation! Phoenix! Though the sea winds tumble down headlong, and all the other mountains of this age tower up in a sham, No one can rip, No one can steal this banner, Freedom’s, Banner of humanity, with flesh and bone given life at the core. City of our! Our songs, our dreams, our love At times mount up like great waves, At times like an ancient tomb collapse, and yet Kwangju! O Kwangju! Shouldering the cross of this nation, He climbs over Mudung Mountain, Over Golgotha, the Son of Heaven, On his body The wounds, The death. Truly we have died. We who cannot love this land, who cannot love our children have died. Truly we have died. From Chung-jang Road, and Kum-nam; From Hwa-chong Block, from San-su and Yongbong, Chi-san, Yang-dong, Kye-rim, and on, and on.... O wind that has blown down upon us, swallowing our blood and pieces of flesh! Ceaseless futility of life! Thrown down again and again, in weeping all that is left us? To draw a breath: is that all of terror and of life? Those who have survived hang their heads in guilt. Those who have survived have all lost their souls. To face a bowl of rice is too difficult, too frightening to do. "I died, my love, waiting for you, waiting outside the gate for you.... Why was it my life they robbed? It was our lot to live in a rented room, but how much gladness we knew! How I wanted to prove well for you O, my love! "And I, with this body bearing life have now found death. My love, forgive me. My love, your child, yours.... O, my love, I have ended by killing you." O Kwangju! Mudung Mountain! Piercing the very centre of death and emerging, city of our eternal youth, vibrant with the fluttering white cotton sleeves! Phoenix that you are Phoenix! Phoenix! Bearing the cross of this land returning over Golgotha, Son of our nation’s god: Jesus who once died and rose again: Has he not lived until today, and forever? And we who have died by the hundreds, our true love will return to life. Our fire! Our glory! Our pain! Even more surely, we shall survive. Our strength increases, and even we shall rise into the blue heavens and touch our lips to the sun and moon. O Kwangju! O Mudung Mountain! Our eternal banner, dream, and cross. Even as life flows on, City of Youth may you be ever younger. For now we are sure, gathering together. Hands joined in sure affirmation, We have risen. Posted on 2001-08-21

GWANGJU - May 18th Memorial (5-18 Memorial)

WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! Two photos are extremely graphic. Do NOT p ...

Updated: Sep 12, 2007 8:16am PST

GWANGJU - Chosun Univserity: Sangho's Undergraduate school. Photos from the hill at Chosun looking over Gwangju. A few photos are from the car as we drove north along the east side of Gwangju. : Chosun is the University Sangho did his undergrad work in.

GWANGJU - Chosun Univserity: Sangho's Undergraduate school. Photos from the hill at Chosun looking over Gwangju. A few photos are from the car as we drove north along the east side of Gwangju.

Chosun is the University Sangho did his undergrad work in.

Updated: Sep 14, 2007 7:12am PST

100 N Riverside 2100 :

100 N Riverside 2100

Updated: May 12, 2012 6:47pm PST

Las Vegas 2007 :

Las Vegas 2007

Updated: Nov 25, 2007 9:52am PST

100 N Riverside Plaza Chicago :

100 N Riverside Plaza Chicago

Updated: Jan 26, 2008 9:05am PST

Snowy Commute 2008-02-01 :

Snowy Commute 2008-02-01

Updated: Feb 01, 2008 12:48pm PST

Chicago 2008 Auto Show :

Chicago 2008 Auto Show

Updated: Feb 10, 2008 10:00pm PST

Oak Park - Illinois :

Oak Park - Illinois

Updated: Feb 15, 2008 10:27am PST

Winter - Chicago 2008 :

Winter - Chicago 2008

Updated: Feb 25, 2008 9:52pm PST

Miscellaneous :

Miscellaneous

Updated: May 14, 2009 5:30pm PST

Colorado Springs Visit 2008 :

Colorado Springs Visit 2008

Updated: Mar 11, 2008 8:17pm PST

Colorado Springs :

Colorado Springs

Updated: Mar 11, 2008 8:55pm PST

215 W Monroe Construction :

215 W Monroe Construction

Updated: Apr 10, 2008 7:51am PST

155 N Wacker Drive Construction :

155 N Wacker Drive Construction

Updated: Jul 17, 2008 9:47am PST

General Downtown Construction :

General Downtown Construction

Updated: Mar 20, 2008 3:04pm PST

Chicago 2008-04-06 :

Chicago 2008-04-06

Updated: Apr 10, 2008 4:33pm PST

San Francisco May 26, 2008 :

San Francisco May 26, 2008

Updated: May 29, 2008 7:32pm PST

DENVER_2010_06_13 :

DENVER_2010_06_13

Updated: Jul 21, 2010 8:01am PST

San Francisco May 25-26 2008 :

San Francisco May 25-26 2008

Updated: Jun 03, 2008 10:15pm PST

Construction :

Construction

Updated: Sep 01, 2010 5:04pm PST

Gay Pride 2008 :

Gay Pride 2008

Updated: Jul 04, 2008 7:51am PST

Chicago 2008 :

Chicago 2008

Updated: Nov 04, 2008 9:34am PST

St Louis :

St Louis

Updated: Sep 02, 2008 7:12am PST

400 W Washington to 100 N Michigan Avenue :

400 W Washington to 100 N Michigan Avenue

Updated: May 14, 2009 7:43pm PST

Chicago Walk 2009-05-08 :

Chicago Walk 2009-05-08

Updated: May 14, 2009 9:41pm PST

Walk - Boeing-Wacker-Jackson-Congress-Mil. Park and Michigan Ave :

Walk - Boeing-Wacker-Jackson-Congress-Mil. Park and Michigan Ave

Updated: May 27, 2009 7:50pm PST

Chicago Parks :

Chicago Parks

Updated: May 29, 2009 8:14am PST

Chicago 100 N Riverside-Wacker-Jackson-State-Congress-Millineum-Michigan 2009-05- :

Chicago 100 N Riverside-Wacker-Jackson-State-Congress-Millineum-Michigan 2009-05-

Updated: Jun 01, 2009 8:29pm PST

Gay Pride 2009 the Parade :

Gay Pride 2009 the Parade

Updated: Jun 28, 2009 8:06pm PST

CGMC 2009 Pride Parade :

CGMC 2009 Pride Parade

Updated: Jun 28, 2009 9:15pm PST

100 N RIverside Plaza Chicago :

100 N RIverside Plaza Chicago

Updated: Jun 29, 2009 4:21am PST

Gay Pride Chicago 2009 Lake View Presbyterian Church :

Gay Pride Chicago 2009 Lake View Presbyterian Church

Updated: Jun 29, 2009 5:12am PST

Minneapolis - Walk 2009 :

Minneapolis - Walk 2009

Updated: Jul 14, 2009 3:56pm PST

Seoul-2009-Olympic-Park :

Seoul-2009-Olympic-Park

Updated: Oct 07, 2009 12:14pm PST

Seoul-2009-Gyeongbokgung Palace :

Seoul-2009-Gyeongbokgung Palace

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 9:11pm PST

Seoul-2009-King Sejong :

Seoul-2009-King Sejong

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 10:20pm PST

Seoul-2009-Itaewon :

Seoul-2009-Itaewon

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 9:56am PST

Seoul-2009-Bongeunsa-Buddhist :

Seoul-2009-Bongeunsa-Buddhist

Updated: Feb 09, 2010 1:10pm PST

Seoul-2009-COEX-Area :

Seoul-2009-COEX-Area

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 10:03am PST

Seoul-2009-(혜화동 惠化洞) :

Seoul-2009-(혜화동 惠化洞)

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 10:37am PST

Seoul-2009-Jongno-gu :

Seoul-2009-Jongno-gu

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 9:11pm PST

Seoul-2009-Gangnam-backstreets :

Seoul-2009-Gangnam-backstreets

Updated: Oct 12, 2009 11:38am PST

empty gallery

Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2009 10:20pm PST

Video :

Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2011 5:28pm PST

Lincoln Square :

Lincoln Square

Updated: Jan 13, 2010 7:56am PST

London - Best Of :

London - Best Of

Updated: Mar 29, 2010 2:42pm PST

LONDON - March 15, 2010 Victoria Station Area Winchester Catherdral Heathrow :

LONDON - March 15, 2010 Victoria Station Area Winchester Catherdral Heathrow

Updated: Mar 16, 2010 1:35pm PST

LONDON - March 14, 2010 :

LONDON - March 14, 2010

Updated: Dec 03, 2010 1:14pm PST

LONDON - March 13, 2010 :

LONDON - March 13, 2010

Updated: Mar 17, 2010 3:45pm PST

LONDON - March 11, 2010 Bus_Tour :

LONDON - March 11, 2010 Bus_Tour

Updated: Mar 29, 2010 12:55pm PST

LONDON - March 12, 2010 :

LONDON - March 12, 2010

Updated: Jul 10, 2010 9:33pm PST

Columbus OHIO :

Columbus OHIO

Updated: Jun 04, 2010 9:59am PST

Indianapolis 2010-07-04 :

Indianapolis 2010-07-04

Updated: Jul 07, 2010 7:34pm PST

Cincinnati - Mt. Adams et al :

Cincinnati - Mt. Adams et al

Updated: Feb 15, 2011 2:16pm PST

Cinncinnati-Ohio River 2011-02-13 :

Cinncinnati-Ohio River 2011-02-13

Updated: Feb 15, 2011 2:43pm PST

Cincinnati-Over The Rhine 2011-02-14 :

Cincinnati-Over The Rhine 2011-02-14

Updated: Feb 16, 2011 9:40am PST

Cincinnati-Downtown 2011-02-14 :

Cincinnati-Downtown 2011-02-14

Updated: Feb 19, 2011 11:05am PST

Rogers Park - Sangho and Wil's Home :

Rogers Park - Sangho and Wil's Home

Updated: Apr 05, 2011 12:58pm PST

Cripple Creek 2011-04-12 :

Cripple Creek 2011-04-12

Updated: Apr 12, 2011 8:21pm PST

Video-CGMC Practice :

Video-CGMC Practice

Updated: May 03, 2011 3:37pm PST

Civil Union Ceremony - Chicago June 2, 2011 :

Civil Union Ceremony - Chicago June 2, 2011

Updated: Jun 02, 2011 11:41am PST

Houston Downtown 1st Visit August 30, 2011 :

Houston Downtown 1st Visit August 30, 2011

Updated: Aug 29, 2011 4:15pm PST

Houston-Boulevard Oaks :

Houston-Boulevard Oaks

Updated: Jan 29, 2012 6:51pm PST

Houston-Herman Park :

Houston-Herman Park

Updated: Aug 31, 2011 6:45pm PST

Loyola University and Rogers Park :

Loyola University and Rogers Park

Updated: Sep 03, 2011 5:10am PST

Houston-Dtwn-Buffalo Bayou-Montrose :

Houston-Dtwn-Buffalo Bayou-Montrose

Updated: Sep 02, 2011 3:06pm PST

Chicago-Scotts Apartment 37th Floor Looking North :

Chicago-Scotts Apartment 37th Floor Looking North

Updated: Sep 04, 2011 4:55pm PST

Chicago-3600 N Sheridan :

Chicago-3600 N Sheridan

Updated: Sep 08, 2011 8:41am PST

Houston-Gallaria :

Houston-Gallaria

Updated: Sep 23, 2011 8:20am PST

Houston-Downtown 2012-02-01 :

Houston-Downtown 2012-02-01

Updated: Feb 03, 2012 5:30pm PST

Fort Worth 2012-02-12 :

Fort Worth 2012-02-12

Updated: Feb 12, 2012 5:32pm PST

Galveston, TX 2012-02-25 :

Galveston, TX 2012-02-25

Updated: Feb 26, 2012 7:38am PST

Austin 2012-03-03 and 04 :

Austin 2012-03-03 and 04

Updated: Mar 04, 2012 6:37pm PST

Houston Montrose Walk :

Houston Montrose Walk

Updated: Mar 18, 2012 2:20pm PST

Bellaire and Rice Village :

Bellaire and Rice Village

Updated: Mar 25, 2012 8:16pm PST

St Philip Presbyterian Church - Houston, TX :

St Philip Presbyterian Church - Houston, TX

Updated: Mar 18, 2012 6:30pm PST

Herman Park and Vassar :

Herman Park and Vassar

Updated: Mar 22, 2012 5:49pm PST

Houston-Downtown 2012-03-28 :

Houston-Downtown 2012-03-28

Updated: Mar 28, 2012 9:38pm PST

Houston-Uptown 610 Memorial Park :

Houston-Uptown 610 Memorial Park

Updated: Apr 01, 2012 3:23pm PST

Bryan-College Station 2012-04-14 :

Bryan-College Station 2012-04-14

Updated: Apr 15, 2012 3:57pm PST

Chicago May 2012 :

Chicago May 2012

Updated: May 17, 2012 8:04am PST

Shepard-Buffalo Bayou-Dtwn 2012-05-18 :

Shepard-Buffalo Bayou-Dtwn 2012-05-18

Updated: May 20, 2012 8:34pm PST

Denver June 2012 :

Denver June 2012

Updated: Jun 17, 2012 6:23am PST

University of a Houston :

University of a Houston

Updated: Jul 27, 2012 5:05pm PST

Grace Lutheran Pride :

Grace Lutheran Pride

Updated: Jun 23, 2012 9:03pm PST

Houston-Montrose-Downtown 2012-06-15 :

Houston-Montrose-Downtown 2012-06-15

Updated: Jul 06, 2012 11:16pm PST

Houston Video :

Houston Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2012 3:43pm PST

Houston Japanese Garden :

Houston Japanese Garden

Updated: Jul 24, 2012 8:47pm PST

The Heights and Downtown North :

The Heights and Downtown North

Updated: Jul 26, 2012 10:24pm PST

Houston Museum District Caroline Street :

Houston Museum District Caroline Street

Updated: Jul 30, 2012 6:42pm PST

Kirby-Westheimer-San Felipe :

Kirby-Westheimer-San Felipe

Updated: Jul 31, 2012 7:37pm PST

Cindy and Tony's Cibolo :

Cindy and Tony's Cibolo

Updated: Aug 06, 2012 2:39pm PST

Video :

Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2012 9:10pm PST

VIDEO-Chicago :

VIDEO-Chicago

Updated: Aug 29, 2012 9:34pm PST

San Antonio September 2012 :

San Antonio September 2012

Updated: Sep 11, 2012 5:24pm PST

Houston Bits and Pieces :

Houston Bits and Pieces

Updated: Mar 30, 2013 3:31pm PST

Gay Men's Chorus of Houston :

Gay Men's Chorus of Houston

Updated: Dec 20, 2012 4:10pm PST

Fort Lauderdale 2013 :

Fort Lauderdale 2013

Updated: Jan 22, 2013 6:37pm PST

Video Fort Lauderdale Jan 18-19, 2013 :

Video Fort Lauderdale Jan 18-19, 2013

Updated: Jan 22, 2013 2:28pm PST

North Downtown Houston :

North Downtown Houston

Updated: Feb 07, 2013 2:45pm PST

Houston 2013-02-16 :

Houston 2013-02-16

Updated: Feb 18, 2013 6:44pm PST

Houston Rice University :

Houston Rice University

Updated: Feb 19, 2013 12:40pm PST

Matagorda Nature Preserve 2013-02-23 :

Matagorda Nature Preserve 2013-02-23

Updated: Feb 23, 2013 7:04pm PST